Herod the Great (Matt. 2:1-22; Luk 1:5; Act 23:35), the son of Antipater, an Idumaean, and Cypros, an Arabian of noble descent.
In the year B.C. 47 Julius Caesar made Antipater, a "wily Idumaean," Procurator of Judea, who divided his territories between
his four sons, Galilee falling to the lot of Herod, who was afterwards appointed tetrarch of Judea by Mark Antony (B.C. 40),
and also king of Judea by the Roman senate. He was of a stern and cruel disposition. "He was brutish and a stranger to all
humanity." Alarmed by the tidings of one "born King of the Jews," he sent forth and "slew all the children that were in Bethlehem,
and in all the coasts thereof, from two years old and under" (Mat 2:16). He was fond of splendour, and lavished great sums in rebuilding and adorning
the cities of his empire. He rebuilt the city of Caesarea (q.v.) on the coast, and also the city of Samaria (q.v.), which
he called Sebaste, in honour of Augustus. He restored the ruined temple of Jerusalem, a work which was begun B.C. 20, but
was not finished till after Herod's death, probably not till about A.D. 50 (Joh 2:20). After a troubled reign of thirty-seven years, he died at Jericho amid great
agonies both of body and mind, B.C. 4, i.e., according to the common chronology, in the year in which Jesus was born. After
his death his kingdom was divided among three of his sons. Of these, Philip had the land east of Jordan, between Caesarea
Philippi and Bethabara, Antipas had Galilee and Peraea, while Archelaus had Judea and Samaria. See table of descendants: GENEALOGICAL
TABLE OF THE HERODIAN FAMILY Herod the Great (Mat 2:1) Married Mariamne, the Asmonean, Grand-daughter of John Hyrcanus Mariamne, Daughter
of Simon, the high priest Malthace, A Samaritan Cleopatra of Jerusalem Aristobulus Herod Philip I. (Mat 14:3) Herod Philip II., tetrarch (Mat 16:13; Luk 3:1) Salome by Herodias (Mat 14:6; Luk 3:19) Agrippa I. (Act 12:1) Herodias (Mat 14:3) Herod Antipas (Luk 3:1, Luk 3:19; Luk 9:7, etc.) Archelaus (Mat 2:22) Agrippa II. (Act 25:13) Bernice (Act 25:13) Drusilla (Act 24:24) [EASTON's BIBLE DICTIONARY]
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